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80186 Microprocessors: Introduction and Architecture

Hello friends, today we are going to discuss the 80186 microprocessor with integrated peripherals. The Intel 80186 is an improved version of the 8086 microprocessor. 80186 is a 16-bit microprocessor with a 16-bit data bus and a 20-bit address bus. It has a programmable peripheral device integrated into the same package. The instruction set of the 80186 is a superset of the instruction set of the 8086. The term super-set means that all of the 8086 instructions will execute properly on an 80186, but the 80186 has a few additional instructions. The following figure shows the block diagram and pin diagram of 80186. The CPU is divided into seven independent functional parts. 80186 internal block diagram  80186 68-pins pin diagram  Functional parts of 80186 Microprocessor The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) Execution Unit (EU) Clock Generator Programmable interrupt controller Programmable Chip Select Unit (CSU) Programmable DMA Unit Programmable counter/timers The Bus Interface Unit ...
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Simplex, Half Duplex And Full Duplex Communication

Hello friends, today we are going to see the important terminology of transmission mode, the relations between the layers of two devices and their interfaces. It is also known as communication mode. There are three types of transmission modes, we will see one by one.
  • Simplex Mode
  • Half Duplex Mode 
  • Full Duplex Mode 
Types of Transmission Modes
Types of Transmission Mode

Simplex Mode Communication

In some systems,  the communication is unidirectional, data only travel in one direction called simplex communication. Means only one device transmitting data called sender and the other one just receiving signals called receiver.
Example: Keyboard giving only input and Monitor giving only output.

Half Duplex Communication

In half duplex communication the data can travel in either direction, but not simultaneously. Every device has sender as well as receiver, when one device is sending the data, other can only receive the signal at the same time and vice versa. 
Example: Messages, Walkie-Talkie in which one message sent at a time in one direction only.

Full Duplex Communication

In full duplex communication the data can travel in both directions at once. 
Example: LAN- One workstation can be sending data on the line while the same another workstation is receiving data simultaneously.
Telephone: allows sending and receiving data simultaneously.
Simplex,Half and Full Duplex
Simplex,Half duplex and Full Duplex communication

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