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80186 Microprocessors: Introduction and Architecture

Hello friends, today we are going to discuss the 80186 microprocessor with integrated peripherals. The Intel 80186 is an improved version of the 8086 microprocessor. 80186 is a 16-bit microprocessor with a 16-bit data bus and a 20-bit address bus. It has a programmable peripheral device integrated into the same package. The instruction set of the 80186 is a superset of the instruction set of the 8086. The term super-set means that all of the 8086 instructions will execute properly on an 80186, but the 80186 has a few additional instructions. The following figure shows the block diagram and pin diagram of 80186. The CPU is divided into seven independent functional parts. 80186 internal block diagram  80186 68-pins pin diagram  Functional parts of 80186 Microprocessor The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) Execution Unit (EU) Clock Generator Programmable interrupt controller Programmable Chip Select Unit (CSU) Programmable DMA Unit Programmable counter/timers The Bus Interface Unit ...
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Comparison of Fiber Optics and Copper Wire

hello friends in this post we are going to see the difference between fiber optics and copper wire.

Difference between fiber optcies and copper wire

The comparison of fiber optics cable and copper wire  is as follows.  

Fiber Optics


  • Higher bandwidth than copper.
  • Low attenuation, repeaters are needed after 30 km.
  • Not being affected by power fluctuation, electromagnetic interference, or power failures.
  • Not affected by acidic chemicals in the air.
  • Installation cost is much lower.
  • Do not leak light and are quite difficult to tap.  

Copper Wire

  • Can run several km without amplification, but for every 5 km repeaters are needed. 
  • Adequate performance and low cost than fiber optics.
  • No need of skill engineers to install copper wire.
  • Less electrical interfaces cost than fiber interfaces.
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