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80186 Microprocessors: Introduction and Architecture

Hello friends, today we are going to discuss the 80186 microprocessor with integrated peripherals. The Intel 80186 is an improved version of the 8086 microprocessor. 80186 is a 16-bit microprocessor with a 16-bit data bus and a 20-bit address bus. It has a programmable peripheral device integrated into the same package. The instruction set of the 80186 is a superset of the instruction set of the 8086. The term super-set means that all of the 8086 instructions will execute properly on an 80186, but the 80186 has a few additional instructions. The following figure shows the block diagram and pin diagram of 80186. The CPU is divided into seven independent functional parts. 80186 internal block diagram  80186 68-pins pin diagram  Functional parts of 80186 Microprocessor The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) Execution Unit (EU) Clock Generator Programmable interrupt controller Programmable Chip Select Unit (CSU) Programmable DMA Unit Programmable counter/timers The Bus Interface Unit ...
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Conversion from Binary to Octal and Octal to Binary

The conversion from Binary to Octal Numbers are quite simple. Steps are as follows.

1. Write Your number which you want to convert. 
ex.  (101011111)2
2.       Write down binary number separately
 Binary: 101011111
3. Mark off the binary digits in groups of three from right to left.
 101 011 111
4. Each group of three binary digits is equal to one octal digit.
octal : 5 3 7
And hence in example binary 111 is a octal 7, binary 011 is a octal 3 and 101 is 5
 

Example 2: (1100010111011)2= (?)8
Binary: 1100010111011
             001 100 010 111 011 (add 0 at left if you want)
Octal:     1     4    2      7    3
Hence (1100010111011)2= (14273)8
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Example 3: (1010101010101)2= (?)

Binary: 1010101010101

             001 010 101 010 101
Octal:     1     2     5     2     5

Hence (101011111)2= (12525)8
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Do you know how to convert number from Octal to Binary? Again there are some steps  that we will see step by step.

1. Write Your number which you want to convert. 
Ex.  (234)8 = ()2
2.       Write down Octal number separately
 Octal : 2   3   4
3. Write binary number in groups of three for every octal digit from right to left.
Binary   010 011 100 
This is your final conversion number by replacing each octal digit with its 3-bit binary equivalent. 
We can written as (010011100)2

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Example 1: (327)8 = (?)2

Octal: 327
3 2 7
Binary: 011 010 111
And hence (327)8 = (011010111)2
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Example 2: (654)8 = (?)2
Octal: 654
6 5 4
Binary: 110 101 100
And hence (327)8 = (110101100)2

 
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