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80186 Microprocessors: Introduction and Architecture

Hello friends, today we are going to discuss the 80186 microprocessor with integrated peripherals. The Intel 80186 is an improved version of the 8086 microprocessor. 80186 is a 16-bit microprocessor with a 16-bit data bus and a 20-bit address bus. It has a programmable peripheral device integrated into the same package. The instruction set of the 80186 is a superset of the instruction set of the 8086. The term super-set means that all of the 8086 instructions will execute properly on an 80186, but the 80186 has a few additional instructions. The following figure shows the block diagram and pin diagram of 80186. The CPU is divided into seven independent functional parts. 80186 internal block diagram  80186 68-pins pin diagram  Functional parts of 80186 Microprocessor The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) Execution Unit (EU) Clock Generator Programmable interrupt controller Programmable Chip Select Unit (CSU) Programmable DMA Unit Programmable counter/timers The Bus Interface Unit ...
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Light wave Transmission

A modern application is to connect the LANs in two buildings via lasers mounted on their rooftops. So each building needs its own laser and its own photodetector.

Lasers are unidirectional with high bandwidth and low cost. It is also easy to install and does not require an FCC (Federal Communications Commission) license.

The laser’s strength a very narrow beam is its weakness but a 1mm wide beam at a target 1mm wide 500 meters away requires.
A disadvantage is that laser beams cannot penetrate rain or thick fog, but they normally work well on sunny days.

laser communication system
Laser communication system

Fig. shows the convection current that can interfere with laser communication systems. A bidirectional system, with two lasers, is pictured here.

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